华北克拉通泊松比与地壳厚度的关系及其大地构造意义   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24  

嵇少丞  王茜  杨文采 《地质学报》2009,83(3):324-330

华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈减薄已成为我国乃至国际地学界研究的热点之一。本文作者对许卫卫和郑天愉（2005）采用接收函数方法测量渤海湾西北盆岭地区58个宽频地震台站下面地壳厚度和地壳泊松比的资料进行了详细的分析研究。在冀东北、辽西以及石家庄附近的南太行山地区地壳泊松比随地壳厚度增加呈非线性骤然陡降,说明在这些地区中新生代地壳减薄作用主要集中于长英质的中上地壳。在保定—大同和官厅水库—张家口—张北地区,地壳泊松比随地壳厚度增加作缓慢地线性减小,说明由玄武岩浆底侵作用造成的地壳泊松比增加抵消了一部分由长英质中上地壳减薄造成的泊松比减小。所以,在中新生代华北克拉通地壳减薄过程中,上地幔部分熔融及玄武岩浆底侵作用主要集中在保定—大同和官厅水库—张家口—张北等冀西北地区。  相似文献   

砂脉的研究现状与进展^*     

钟建华  曹梦春  倪良田  孙宁亮  刘闯  郝兵  杨冠群  宋冠先  葛毓柱 《古地理学报》2018,20(1):119-132

近年来国内外对砂脉的研究非常重视,尤其是近期国外含油气盆地大型砂脉(砂注入体,sand injectite)的发现更加刺激了人们的研究热情。笔者主要从5个方面简要阐述了砂脉的研究现状与进展: (1)砂脉几何学特征;(2)砂脉的物质成分;(3)砂脉的成因;(4)砂脉的分类;(5)砂脉的地质意义。尽管中国不少学者已经做了一些相关工作,但与砂脉的复杂性和国际同类研究的先进水平和关注度相比,尚存在许多问题亟待解决。因此,有必要基于中国丰富且复杂的砂脉资源,精细解剖典型实例,阐明砂脉的三维几何特征,并探讨其与地震的关系和成因动力机制,为丰富和完善沉积学基础理论提供素材。  相似文献   

Oligocene crustal xenolith‐bearing alkaline basalt from Jandaq area (Central Iran): implications for magma genesis and crustal nature     

Samineh Rajabi  Ghodrat Torabi  Shoji Arai 《Island Arc》2014,23(2):125-141

The Oligocene alkaline basalts of Toveireh area (southwest of Jandaq, Central Iran) exhibit northwest–southeast to west–east exposure in northwest of the central‐east Iranian microcontinent (CEIM). These basalts are composed of olivine (Fo_70–90), clinopyroxene (diopside, augite), plagioclase (labradorite), spinel, and titanomagnetite as primary minerals and serpentine and zeolite as secondary ones. They are enriched in alkalis, TiO₂ and light rare earth elements (La/Yb = 9.64–12.68) and are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba) and high field strength elements (Nb, Ta). The geochemical features of the rocks suggest that the Toveireh alkaline basalts are derived from a moderate degree partial melting (10–20%) of a previously enriched garnet lherzolite of asthenospheric mantle. Subduction of the CEIM confining oceanic crust from the Triassic to Eocene is the reason of mantle enrichment. The studied basalts contain mafic‐ultramafic and aluminous granulitic xenoliths. The rock‐forming minerals of the mafic‐ultramafic xenoliths are Cr‐free/poor spinel, olivine, Al‐rich pyroxene, and feldspar. The aluminous granulitic xenoliths consist of an assemblage of hercynitic spinel + plagioclase (andesine–labradorite) ± corundum ± sillimanite. They show interstitial texture, which is consistent with granulite facies. They are enriched in high field strength elements (Ti, Nb and Ta), light rare earth elements (La/Yb = 37–193) and exhibit a positive Eu anomaly. These granulitic xenoliths may be Al‐saturated but Si‐undersaturated feldspar bearing restitic materials of the lower crust. The Oligocene Toveireh basaltic magma passed and entrained these xenoliths from the lower crust to the surface.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地潍北凹陷孔三段中基性火山岩储层特征及控制因素     

曲长胜  邱隆伟  李文涛  师政  王巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(5):1284-1296

在综合火山岩岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井资料、地震资料分析的基础上,从火山岩岩性、岩相特征、孔隙类型、储层物性等方面研究了潍北凹陷孔三段火山岩储层特征,分析了火山岩储层储集空间类型、物性特征和储层物性的主要影响因素。研究结果表明：区内火山岩为中基性火山岩,以玄武岩为主,偶见少量火山碎屑岩,主要为火山角砾岩;岩相类型主要包括溢流相、火山通道相和火山沉积相等类型,以喷溢相最为发育;火山岩的分布受深大断裂和古地形共同控制,具垂向多期叠置、平面分布广泛的特点。储集空间类型分为孔隙和裂缝,以原生气孔、杏仁体内孔、构造裂缝和风化溶蚀缝等为主。储层物性受火山岩的岩相、构造活动、风化淋滤作用和矿物充填作用的影响。火山溢流相上部亚相原生孔隙最发育,但多彼此孤立存在,在多期构造运动和风化淋滤等作用下火山岩储集性能够得到极大改善,裂缝、孔隙叠合发育的火山岩是有效火山岩储层。  相似文献   

玉树北部二叠纪镁铁质岩的成因及其对大陆弧后盆地形成的指示     

刘彬  蔡昊龙  马昌前  吴栾  程琦  李福林  孙洋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2024,43(2):344-359

系统地调查与研究弧后盆地岩浆作用能为探究汇聚板块边缘的壳幔相互作用、板块俯冲动力学和弧后盆地形成-演化机制等提供重要信息。本文以最近在青海玉树北部地区发现的二叠纪镁铁质岩类为研究对象,开展了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学与同位素地质学等研究,以期为深入认识大陆弧后盆地形成机制及有关镁铁质岩浆的起源提供关键线索。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测定结果表明,玉树北部辉长岩的结晶年龄为260±1 Ma。玄武岩样品具有相对低的TiO₂和Nb/Y值以及相对高的Ce/Nb值,其相对于原始地幔要显著富集轻稀土和Th等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和P等元素,可与世界上典型弧后盆地玄武岩(例如Okinawa Trough BABBs)成分特征类比。而辉长岩样品具有相对高的TiO₂和Nb/Y值以及相对低的Ce/Nb值,其相对于原始地幔要显著富集轻稀土和Th等元素,轻微亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,总体上具有与OIB类似的成分特征。玄武岩样品具有变化较大的ISr(0.706～0.709)和εNd(t)值(-1.8～+1.3),而辉长岩样品则具有相对均一的I...  相似文献   

Mineral chemistry and genesis of the Permian Cihai and Cinan magnetite deposits,Beishan, NW China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Cihai and Cinan are Permian magnetite deposits related to mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Beishan region, Xinjiang, NW China. The Cihai mafic intrusion is dominantly composed of dolerite, gabbro and fine-grained massive magnetite ore, while gabbro, pyrrhotite + pyrite-bearing clinopyroxenite and magnetite ore comprise the major units in Cinan. Clinopyroxene occurs in both deposits as 0.1–2 mm in diameter subhedral to anhedral grains in dolerite, gabbro and clinopyroxenite. High FeO contents (11.7–28.9 wt%), low SiO₂ (43.6–54.3 wt%) and Al₂O₃ contents (0.15–6.08 wt%), and low total REE and trace element contents of clinopyroxene in the Cinan clinopyroxenite imply crystallization early, at high pressure. This clinopyroxene is FeO-rich and Si and Ti-poor, consistent with the clinopyroxene component of large-scale Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Eastern Tianshan and Panxi ares, as well as Tarim mafic intrusion and basalt, implying the Cinan mafic intrusion and sulfide is related to tectonic activity in the Tarim LIP. The similar mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene, apatite and magnetite in the Cihai and Cinan gabbros (e.g., depleted LREE, negative Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta anomalies in clinopyroxene, lack of Eu anomaly in apatite and similarity of oxygen fugacity as indicated by V in magnetite), indicate similar parental magmatic characteristics. Mineral compositions suggest a crystallization sequence of clinopyroxenite/with a small amount of sulfide – gabbro – magnetite ore in the Cinan deposit, and magnetite ore – gabbro – dolerite in Cihai. The basaltic magma was emplaced at depth, with magnetite segregation (and formation of the Cinan magnetite ores) occurring in relatively low fO₂ conditions, after clinopyroxenite and gabbro fractional crystallization. The evolved Fe-rich basaltic magma rapidly rose to intermediate or shallow depths, forming an immiscible Fe-Ti oxide magma as fO₂ increased and leaving a Fe-poor residual magma in the chamber. The residual magmas was emplaced at different levels in the crust, forming the Cihai gabbro and dolerite, respectively. Finally, the immiscible Fe-Ti oxide magma was emplaced into the earlier formed dolerite because of late magma pulse uplift, resulting in a distinct boundary between the magnetite ores and dolerite.  相似文献   

华北克拉通基性岩墙成因模式：来自锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素证据     

刘燊  冯彩霞  冯光英  徐梦婧  郭晓磊  冯强  颜军  郭壮 《岩石学报》2017,33(6):1667-1685

本研究共涉及来自太行山和郯庐断裂岩浆带的12组基性岩墙群,岩墙群具体出露于河北省、山西省、山东省和安徽省。研究中给出了新的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素基性岩墙测试数据。基性岩墙形成于128.1±1.2Ma与115.0±0.8Ma之间,且具有典型的辉绿结构。另外,基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素（LREE）、个别大离子亲石元素（如,Rb、Ba、Sr）、Pb和Th,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,具有高的初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值（0.7056~0.7105）,负的ε_Nd（t）（-15.5~-12.4）、相对一致的初始Pb同位素比值（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=16.45~16.49、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.44~15.51、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=36.49~36.53）及较大的Nd模式年龄（t_DM2^Nd=1.82~2.69Ga）。研究结果表明,基性岩墙来自石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区（类似EM1）一定程度的（1.0%~5.0%）部分熔融,岩浆侵位前经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石和角闪石的分离结晶作用,同时受到少量地壳混染的影响。目前,关于华北克拉通破坏和中生代岩浆作用的成因已有较多可能模式,本研究基性岩墙成因的新模式：古太平洋板块与华北克拉通的持续碰撞,导致华北克拉通岩石圈（地幔和地壳）加厚,并发生可能的榴辉岩化,并在一定时间发生拆沉作用。在新模式的制约下,导致了研究区中生代基性岩墙的产生和侵位。  相似文献   

Geneses of Two Types of Mafic Rocks to Carry Placer‐Magnetite Ores in the Sanin Granitic Belt,SW Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Shunso Ishihara  Hideo Hirano 《Resource Geology》2017,67(1):103-108

Two types of mafic rocks from the central Sanin district, and their mafic minerals, were studied chemically and microscopically. They are classified into pyroxene‐containing gabbroid and hornblende–biotite quartz diorite. The gabbroid had higher color index but lower magnetite content; while the quartz diorite had lower color index, but higher magnetite content. The magnetite contents are also related to the amounts of hydrous mafic silicates. The gabbroic magma having pyroxene–amphibole assemblage, originated in the upper mantle, was considered essentially anhydrous, but became partly hydrous on the way to the site of solidification in the continental crust, and crystallized some magnetites with hypersthene and amphibole. The quartz dioritic magma was formed by partial melting of possibly subducting ocean‐floor basalts, once exposed to the sea‐floor then altered; thus the magmas became hydrous and oxidized originally, and precipitated abundant magnetite and hydrous mafic silicates from the early crystallization stage onward. Their weathered parts provided the most placer magnetite ores in the history.  相似文献   

北太行紫荆关基性岩体的成因: 岩石学和地球化学证据   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘玲  陈斌  刘安坤 《地球科学》2009,34(1):165-178

通过对北太行紫荆关晚中生代基性岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征研究, 讨论其岩浆源区特征及成因.结果表明, 紫荆关岩体主要由橄榄二辉石岩、角闪辉长岩和闪长岩等岩石组成.橄榄二辉石岩具有明显的堆晶结构, 可能是堆晶成因, 而角闪辉长岩和闪长岩可能是堆晶形成之后的残余岩浆的结晶.闪长岩中的斜长石显示复杂的结构和成分环带, 相对富钠的核部见富钙斜长石叠加, 后者又向富钠斜长石演化.闪长岩中的单斜辉石也显示复杂的成分环带, 主要是最边部的MgO含量比紧邻的内侧辉石更高.这表明在闪长岩形成过程中有新的幔源高温富镁的岩浆注入.以上各岩石类型具有类似的地球化学性质, 包括较强的稀土分异((La/Yb)_N比值为5.76~23.13), 高Sr/Y比值(50.95~146.13), 富集K、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素和LREE, 亏损Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素和HREE, Eu异常不明显.都显示富集的Sr-Nd同位素特征, I_Sr=0.7058~0.7066, ε_Nd(t) =-13.8~-18.2.这些特征表明紫荆关基性岩体的母岩浆来源于EM1型富集地幔的部分熔融.橄榄辉石岩和角闪辉长岩具有类似的Nd同位素成分(主要为ε_Nd(t) =-15.0~-16.6), 但形成较晚的闪长岩的ε_Nd(t) 值却比较高(-13.8~-14.6), 也支持新的幔源岩浆在晚期的注入.   相似文献   

黑龙江省鸡西盆地基性岩40Ar/39Ar同位素定年及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱占平  刘立  马瑞  邱增凯  马胜晖 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(2):238

黑龙江省鸡西盆地张新地区辉绿玢岩呈岩床状侵入晚中生代城子河组地层中;辉绿玢岩较纯净,无捕虏体,呈斑状结构,斑晶由普通辉石、斜长石组成,斑晶体积分数为35%～40%;基质由微晶斜长石、辉石、磁铁矿及玻璃质组成。辉绿玢岩⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素定年结果表明,其等时线年龄与坪年龄在误差范围内较为接近,该辉绿玢岩的形成时代介于96～101 Ma,即形成于早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期的Albian-Cenomanian阶。结合区域上该期岩浆事件的特点,暗示早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世时期鸡西盆地处于古太平洋板块(Izanagi-Kula 板块 )向东亚大陆边缘斜向俯冲背景之下的弧后伸展环境。  相似文献